Unique Geological Features of Genesee County

Bergen Swamp, Towns of Byron & Bergen
Bergen Swamp is a private wildlife preserve managed by the Bergen Swamp Preservation Society. A depression in the bedrock and the retreat of glacial ice about 10,000 years ago formed a glacial lake that evolved into the formation of the swamp. Over 2,000 acres of unique vegetation and wide variety of wildlife attracts naturalists who study it’s flora and fauna.

Elba Muck

During the early 20th century, developers drained parts of the Tonawanda and Oak Orchard swamps to reveal the fertile black muck land. Muck is organic soil consisting typically of highly decomposed vegetation materials underlain by clayey soil. It is prone to problems due to it’s very light texture when dry to blowing away. It also can catch on fire and burn underground for long periods. Muck land becomes progressively shallower over time.